The Age from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia • Page 4

H1T2 AGE. SATURDAY, 10. 1017. PUBLICATIONS THE LAST WORLD WAR. FOOD ECONOMY.

PERMANENT credence, but Vi adventure irisVe capital 1 IigM reading, and there is no douM PUBLICATIONS RECEIVEO. Tae royilflr Mehimcs' frtr Jirce. Tits r-VtitsrM ntmber), for frrnn FrM Hifffl T.Td., Sjy'lnev. The Pview, f- 2lfh May. Tie MMern Prisell1.

for Vf. Wilrism rb frrH, ty ('. Hammer, H.V; tf.m VliillBm Hfrnenwrm. tr.rt.litn. v.p-?a R.wn Tcm WotI.i,.

by s-Vn M'Ken-ns; from Vf'-rlynTi sn1 f'o. t.M., IivIati. In the il.lrmesr. tj RHrrt irictiens; frnm Methods. stvI to.

I.M., Lomlon. The I't'e Trr ftsm.Tel fTtrrKlTia A.lumn; SfiYoirVon, Lorwlrtn. IVnroH sn-1 a-n. hy Pnoih Tarkington; from Fto'l'ler srvt SioiMrhton. 1oMmi.

Tae Ranee nss. C'hnTV, A14en Soltr; from H.oVter and Msmirhtn, loiS.n. The Amazine Vsrs, tv W. TVtt from n.l'kr ar.l Ste.fffMen. tymton.

A M.iMi.r airm.irles, try Jtal-ir fJenersI lf firrrrye ViimffhmhsrKl from Herbsrt Jenkins I.t.l.. Loi.am. "Nation" dor not refer a re-in para-grsr'h or article, but, to the view expounded there week after week There is a growing feeling in Great pri-Is. in. tist.

the dearly bought liberties of ie peiple tmit never anin be vk-n from them in th way that been done in thi protracted war. The onlv fusrantee of continuous freerlom and democratic ner pre- is permanent pe-see And the conviction is growing in thst the road to perminent pece lies through repnb hcnnim. heennso the rovn! eai'te in Europe, with its intermarri.iies, is danger to the reorles over whom royal tie govern It is fie existence of Kniseriem in GeTmnnv. with its imd sbitiors, and jti Mn'-iherroii eliim to Divine nr'nt, which his plun'ed Europe into w.ir. Tho Ilomnnoff dynasty in Russia would hav ld the of tbe natron t' fiermany.

In Greece KiflT Contantine bus. to-d bv nis brother-in-law, the Kaiser, and defied the will of the Greek nation. TAFT SAYSKAISER MUST FOLLOW CZAR. HOHENZOLLERN AND HAPSBURO HAVE GOT TO GET OUT. El President William Howard Taft, speaking at Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, said that permanent peace would never rome until "William and Charles have been relegated to the rear, the same as Nicholas." 'We are in th war," declared Mr.

Tsft, "to say to Mr. Hohenzollern and Mr. Hapshurg, 'You've got to get oirt the same as Mr. Romanoff got out, so we can have peace in the If William of Hohcn-sollem and Charles of Hapsburg cease to be controllers of those two people they now rule over, and the German and the Austm-Hungarian people come to rule themselves, they will not be a menace to the peace of the world, a the German junkers and the Hungarian war lord have been. "You know that if Emperors William and Charle abdicated to-morrow we'd have peace in two weeks, and that is what we are in the war for and when thi is accomplished we'll add the German people and the Austrian people to our league and have peace ever after." Mr.

Taft said America had a most glorious role in the war. "Ve have nothing to do With the policies or the politics of Europe," be added, "but we are going over there because we are for tue right and are willing to fight lor it. Isn't it a great function, too, ir us to lie able to say at the peace table that we have a right there and that we demand a peace with justice? How it will strengthen pur position to be able to point to the fact that we have gone into the struggle from pure motives, and how it would weaken us to have to say, if we Were permitted to lit at the peace table at all, and had not gone into tbe war, 'We are sorry we couldn't take any part, but our policies wouldn't let Mr. Taft, who is president of the League to Enforce Peace, eaid further of America in the war: "If ever this nation will be in a league to enforce peace, it is in now. We don't intend to abolish war, but we intend to make it as improbable as human nature will permit.

"To have a League to Enforce Peace among nations we must be willing to abide by the decision of the arbitration court, and not be the attitude of 'Heads I win, tails you Of course, there sre Questions that courts of law cannot pa" judg ment unon between individuals and between nations. The United States bas such a problem in that we exclude the Japanese and Chinese. We have the right to exclude them if we want to. It is not a question that could Properly be submitted to a court or to arbitration, but we mrifjit get into a dispute over the question that would lead to that dispute nting presented for arbitration. Taft discussed America's responsi bilities toward the Governmente of some countries outside the United States.

"We don't own Cuba," he said, "but we are worse off than if we did. We guarantee 'its government, and we don't furnwh it. Everv time they have an elec- tion in Cuba I feel gooseflesh all over me. Then we have Mexico, an international nuisance just acnoes our back fence. Zim-mitrmiin wrote note about it.

He SUIT- geeted moving our fence up on this side of Texas, luink ot wiat would Happen if Burleson and Joe Bailey were turned over to Mexico." Mr. Taft eaid Germany had illegally committed suicide by destroying American lives on the high seas. There wa great applause when he said: ''We have cast off our swaddling clothes and are now standing up to meet the obligation our power has brought us. We are in the war because we are opposed to a military autocracy which violates the peace of the world, and in eo doing harms our own interests. Republics somctimos make mistakes, but in the long run you can count on government of the People by the people being carried on for the interest of that people." PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION.

TO THE EPITOE OP THE AOS. Sir, The beat thank of all electors de sirous of being enlightened on the question of proportional representation are due to you for your admirable article appearing in Saturday's issue, which so clearly and con- i describes the "syjtvm and Bives anfiicient reasons w-hv it should be uued for the election of Federal and State members of Parliament. It is about a quarter of a century since Professor Nanson used to gire your rcad-I era such instructive illustrations on pro-' poitional representation, and be and tnoae wno xmercMtea tneiuseives in tins muiui will no doubt rejoice at the appearance of this present srticle and several leaders published recently on the subject. I consider you have so amply stated the case for proportional representation that little or nothing is left for its supporter to do except, perhaps, to deal wita od-ivtnra. and esneciallv to anticipate those who oppose this reform without definitely giving their reasons why.

There may be some who may object to tbe length of the name, and we can meet this by referring' to the reform as "P.R." Another objection to "P.R." by some is that it will allow the riff-raff to have representation. Before being able to reply to this complaint we want to know who are meant by the riff-raff, but we are bound to admit that if one-sixth of the voters of this Stat are riff-raff, then in an election for the return of five candidates (the State taken a one constituency), this much-questioned group will get direct representation. Tbe only question remaining to be asked is why should there, in our much extolled community, be sucb a large per-eentege of undesirables Another uppoed objection to r. K. tbe time taken to get haul results, but even though it were twice a long a th it in recent elect ions mouth-' if the result gave Australia a representative Parliament, eouid not afford to wait without regarding the upens as a hardship 1 am inoiiued to think the time would be halved.

Another, and 1 beliv th remaining, objection to a that oiue caiidiate with considerable number ot vote are declared not elected at certain stage of th counting, and their votes transferred to soma other candidates whoa votes are only very fear in excess of thoce put out of the running. In replying to this opposition 1 am a uled by the remark in one of your leaders of Inst month, to ths effect that, "seeing the elector have only on chance in every lOiO days when tbey can tak any hand in poll-tios, therefore the question of who shall be returned must be left entirely to them (die electors), without en e.uule thought for the gandidates other than to couut their individual vote which they record as electors." We ar altogether too prone to regard an aleciiou iu the eame light aa un arena contest, where certaiu conteetauts ar de-feted through the ability of their oppo nents, auT where the "cros-d" have imply to cheer, and peuhaps nave a sniall amount on, just to keep an iuterest in th gaoue. Now polling Jay under "P.R." is the elector' day out, and they hare no need to worry whether prize or hardships, i defeats, come to candidates, for it they onlv vote for the candidate iu order ot preference tbey will obtain reurekeuiauun lust to the extent of th proportion of NEW BOOKS. of a WtH." rVrmw.1 van linsrnMTe. Ixnsi: fnhrn.

In war time Ptame Rumor is bny jide, Even in Anstrslia. where there has been leist eriie, we have had experience of extraordinary stories, builded np from distorted (acts and wild flights of imagination, circulating mysteriously among the peop'e and becoming more and more authoritative with every felling. As psychological study the phenomena is interesting, but there is aleo a definite and valuable purpose to fe served by its examination. False stories sre nsually dangerous stories. study of how" and why they oomc into being is a valuable guide to much fiith to put in them, and how best to discount fhm.

Although de.iling directly with only one instance, or type of rumor, Van Lanrenhme's book. "The Growth'of a Legend," lays down principles that are in the mam applicable to all cases. The author is the scientific secretary of the Sol-ray Institute of Sociology in Hriwwr Is. Before the war this institute wss doing important wcrk in the study of social forces, not only in l'-elgium, but throughout the other countries of Europe. In a sense it was an international Institute, and the scientist employed wore men of European reputation.

Binee the war the institute has mainly been concerned with recording and correlating tihe hntoric. of tue I ant three years, particularly as they have affected Belgium. Kmile Waxweiler, tue director, has published two volumes, which probably contain the clearest etatement yet written of Belgium's right to oppose tne violation of her territory. The second ot these volumes dealt generally with several of the imputations of treachery made against Belgium by Germany. Van Larueo-hove has now followed up Waxmciler'a work in greater detail.

He take one particular type of accusation and deala with it worth in a cold scientific manner. The growth of a legend is a study by a trained and scientific investigator of tJerman accounts of francs-tireiira and "atrocities' alleged to have occurred during the first rueii ine nuns across tinman fron tier. The book is not a polemic, hut a piece of careful work based authentic Ger man documents, and conducted in accordance wita the methods reeonmscd as appropriate to sociological investigation. Hardly had tire (ermmi Armi imfcr.) Belgium when strange rumors began to circulate among tbt-rn. Tbey spread from place to place, they were reproduced ly the press, and they soon permeated the whole of Germanv.

It was smrl that thp civilian Belgian people, instigated by their clergy, had intervened perfidiously in the nosiuiiies; iad attacked by surprise isolated detachments; had indicated to the enemy the positions occupied by dm troops; that women, old men and even children bad been guilty of horrible atroci ties on wounded and defenceless lierman soldiers, tearing out their eyes and cutting off lingers, nose or ears; that the priests from their pulpits had exhorted the people to commit the-je crimes, promising them as a reward the kingdom ot heaven, and had even taken the lead in these barbarities. Public credulity in Germany accepted those stories, the highest powers welcomed them without hesitation, and endorsed fhem with their nuthorii v. Tho echoed them. and. takinir them for a text.

advanced in the famous telegram of Np- wu.ner, mi, addressed to the 1'resident ot the United States, the most terrible accusations against the Belgian people and clcigy. Van Langenhove has collected the "most authoritative" of these stories from the Wurman preas. In his book he gives the result of official investigation into their origin and value, that mult is to brim tumbling down the whole elaborate ediiica of evil rumor. There ia no need to detail here the su'j-ject matter of these German legends, but it is interesting to follow Van Langenhove' dispassionate analysis of their genesis, lie examines the legends under two heads unconscious errors of observation and the psychology of the German soldier. It is on the facts under the seoond head that he lava most stress.

Ho shows by examples the state of excitement and the lack of powers of discrimination ahown bv the German eoldiery during the couine of the early military operationa in Belgium, the predisposition to suspect the Belgian population, the general atmosphere of excitement and, fcveiiehnoa breeding a spirit of mistrust and hatred in the ranks of the army. The German army wlii 'ii invhded Belgium supplied, in fact, the whole of the conditions which, in accordance with established laws, bring about the greatest number of distortions in the relation of observed fact. It is no doubt in some sort just to the German people to look upon the propagation of these legends as a cae of collective illusion nnd prejudgment, based on misinformation and false testimony, but the ordinary reader will probably be inclined to carry the conclusion of this book much further than the author allows himself to do. Von Langenhove shows conclusively that there has been a deliberate cultivation by the highest authorities in Germany of lying and disgusting rumors ot cruelty and brutality on tae part of Belgian civilians. There could be no plainer case of attempting to blacken the moral character of a victim after having cut his throat and rifled his pockets.

"Painted Clay," by Cupel Boake (Melbourne: Australian Author' Agency) ia unquestionably "the novel of the year" as far as local publication is concerned. It is one of the few "natural" Australian novels. That is to say, it is free from any apparent intention to trade on local interest. It is written to trace a plot and to picture 'character; the fact that the scene is laid in Melbourne aud its environment is obviously due to the simple fact that it is in these scenes and surroundings that the author bas followed his story aud lived with his creations. The Hint interest of the book is, therefore, the interest that it arrases, aa a work of art.

As an example of austained writing, it is well aliov th average of the modern novel, the style is smooth and practised. We would be mistaken, we think, in regarding the book aa the author's initial essay in literature. The character drawing ia boldly and bravely trje to life. The story centres round th history of a clear-thinking, life-loving Australian girl, and without any foolishness or hesitation the author leads her through a very human experience without the (lightest hint of either prudishnesa or naatiness. There might, with justice, be some criticism of the dramatic qualities of the 1 lot, but the claims, of the novel hardly lie that way.

The second interest of "Painted Clay" lie in the local color. We doubt if we have read a novel containing better descriptions of familiar street and scene. The author sees Melbourne with the eye of an artist, and paint it with an artist' brush. Merely to have read the novel is to have received new interest in the streets and gardens of our oty. "Paul Strange," by Louise Brown (London: Hoddcr and Btoughton), is a rather naive novel of political Ufe in Australia.

The hero is brilliant young barrister, a favorite in Melbourne social circles. He adopt politics as his career, and is drawn by his principles and conviction, into the State Labor party. According to the author of this novol, such a step is regarded by the elite of Mellwurue a tantamount to social suicide. Tbe political characters in th book are not familiar. The Premier of the State la represented as a sort of Gladstone, and th leader of the Labor is the democrat of popular American iterature.

Paul btrange tind method of party "junto" unsatisfactory aud dishonest, but his life beoonve so involved with love affairs that the political aspect of the novel gradually fades into the background We are left wondering what the authoress really meant to say about this fascinating aspect of Australian democracy. We have two reason for recommending th purchase of "The Beginning of Mr. P. J. Daveuant" (London: Hoddcr and Ptougjton), a new novel by Lord Frederic Hamilton.

Tbe first reason is that the book is well worth reading, and the second that th profit on its sale are to be devoted to patriotic purpoj.es. P. J. Havana I is schoolboy, IS yr of age, sua a natural geuius for detective woik. His kuasrledge of Geruutu and his anxiety to "do hi bit" brings him into t.e servic of a Scotland Yard ollkial detailed to deal 'itii the l-eiiuuu spy nicuace iu Euglaud-The youthful P.

J. is nominally noi.iiug mors liiau translator in ie secret er-IM, but his fluir lor detective work vuunot be suppressed. Whenever his chid i troubled aith a particularly dilticuk problem the boy step in, and olvs it. liw power of observation ud deduction i uet'h htu loo ivonderlul tax NOTES FR0MVAIU0USSOURCES Abbe We'Ierfe, who an Alescsi constituency nnHer the German lmin-istrslion of the province, in a recent lecture in Paris said: "Frsnce needs Alsace-Lorraine much AlMce Lorraine needs France. By depriving France of this immemorial contribution, the great, dram of 1R70-71 showed more clearly than ny historical discourse how close and fruitful had been the nnion between the blood brothers thenceforward separated.

AVf was the ersdle of th textile indiietry, as 1vrmine w.is of the mining Indntry. When in 1S7I tbe Germirr head qnarters required the snnexstion of the TJpper and Lower Rhine end the Meurthe area to the newly created empire, the manufacturers of the P.hine provinces nd Saxony protested to Bismarck agninot this territorial expansion, because they dreaded the competition of the spinning and weaving factories of Mulhouse. and anticipated trouble from overproduction. Their fears were not, however, warranted by the actual events. The outpirt found its level within a very short time, and oar textile industry contributed fn a large measure to the economic prosperity of Germany.

The Central Empires have derived from Lorraine, Luxemburg and the Briey area SO per cent. of the iron anTf steel required for their guns and munitions. The German head quarters stuff have admitted that they could not have carried on the war for more than six month if they had been deprived of the minerals from Lorraine. To deprive Germany of these minerals would be to strike her to the heart. Iron is so indis pensable io her that, not content with working our mines, her metal kings en deavored before lf14, unfortunately with some aucressi, to get hold of the deposits in Xormandy and in North Africa, a well as those in Sweden.

And let not forget that if affair in Morocco between 1005 and lftll caused some very grave situa tions, it waa ehienv because the Man- nesmsnn Brother wished to ensure possession of the Atlas iron mines. The Lorraine minerals were thus one of the prin cipal elements in Germany' prosiierity. By assuming their exploitation, France will again become the first metal power in Europe, while the German Empire, de prived of this wealth, will become wholly dependent on tss. The discovery of remarkable deposits of potaoh in the Upper Rhine bas made the question still more vital. These deposits, according to the most moderate estimates, amount in value to 1,600,000,000.

Jt. Vogt, of Xieder-bniek, on behalf of Mile. Amelie Zurcher, made the first borings. The prospector believed that coal would be found. At a depth of about 700 yards he discovered a uniform layer of 6 per cent, potash about 3 yards in thickness.

Borings made in the neighboring arena yielded almost everywhere highly satisfactory results." A Scottish doctor who wa attending a laird had instructed the butler of the house in the art of taking nnd recording his mas ter' temperature with a thrmometer. On paying his usual morning call he was met by the butler, to whom he said, "Well, Joihn, I hope the laird's temperature is not any (higher to-day The man looked puzzled for a minute and then replied, Weel, I was just wonderin' that myself. Ye see, he deed at twal o'clock." "Owing to restrictions on tbe output of beer," say "Punch," "the passing of the village inn is merely a question of time." Even before the war it often took hours and hours. Frederick the Great said: "When Kings want war, they begin it, and have learned prouesora to come after and prove that it was just." The United States saould have 500,000 trained, effective troop in France by May of next year, a second 600,000 by August, 1918, and by May, 1019, is the statement made by "a recognised author-it" on military organisation" in the May issue of "National Service," the official organ of the Military Training Campa Association. "The facts of the situation are very clear.

We cannot begin to exert a decisive or even a material influence in the field before the spring of 1018, and we cannot exert it even then unions wc devote all this year to systematic and intelligent preparation. We cannot afford to send over a small picked force this year, for every citizen with sny military training must be employed at home as an instructor of the greater forces that wili be required in 1018. The problem before ua ia a problem of organisation to be approached with the some common sense that Americans employ in dealing with problems of commercial organisation. We must have an adequate and assured supply of men available immediately aa equipment and facilities for training become available. We must immediately expand our resources for manufacturing equipment, and we must immediately expand our limited number of trained soldiers into an efficient corps for training great masses of troops fully prepared for modern war.

We must realise as soon as possible that modern war is a serious business proposition." No chestnut tree in all Switzerland may be cut down without a special percnit, and such permit are not easily obtained. The Fedeial Council issued this order, effective on 1st March, in connection with its campaign for tbe development of every possible native food supply, in vie-of the deepcrate situation due to the limitation of import by the German submarine warfare and other causes connected with the world war. The cat settled herself luxuriously fn front of the kitchen range and began to purr, little DoOy, who wu strange to the ways of cats, ougarded her with horror. "Oh, grao'uia gran'ma she cried. "Come here, quick The cat'a begun to boil." (Our contributor, in order to meet the demands of space consequent on the shortage of paper, regrets that be has had Ito cut a good deal of trimming from the following story.) eiir sat before bis study tire, puffing a small Woodbine.

What -was that Sounds as ot nir btouey Broke kissing Lady Mineisabns in tbe drawingrocm. Thi wus too much. The children, too, were crying for sugar; potatoes had sot arrived. Hah He would end it all. He wext't over to his desk, poured out whisky and tuxla and a brace of cartridges.

Then he took his hat, his coat, his stick, revolver, his departure, and his life. Th oxij of the phrase used by Lincoln, "Government of the people, by th people, for th people," is discussed in recent book by O. H. Carmichael called "I.inoolnV Gettysburg Addreaa." In a duet-covered pasteboard box found in Mr. Lincoln's daw office in Springfield, it says, were discovered two pamphlet by Theo-lore Parker, contaiuiiig addreasea delivered in 1o8.

I if them were these sentence marked Mr. Lincoln: "Government over all, by all, and lor the sake of all." "Hcmocsacy is direct self-g-Jverument, all tbe people, for all the people, by all the people." Lincoln masterly paraphrase of th idea, when making it 'hi own in his famous address, show hi unerring in-stiuct for terse and forcible English. The proposal to enfranchise FnxlUh women who lav passed the age of 33 luokt Ike an artful way of ahelviug th whole quest iutu When oVie lady pass ii "I thought you told me tlwt your do. tor had ordered you to quit dunking said f-ru th. "Aw, tho doctor don't knjw what tVy ar talking about," replied Brown, si he stirred hi toddy.

"I qrit dnukiug for taw di, aud Ldidu't fel bettar." no ft it A AND TWO JfTTirrrrxs. sf it ffsnra; tftrArir. VFn.prtT'flvT ArUJil.B. MKIJIIS KM. Jntlitcnr, an l.fnwiiori.- Ft A4TmJt1 br r.furjbntf OOtl'H II iars, Tim Tim, tn Writ (Vs'l Im book ayr, Mtaiq TrrTB.

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BOMB FA MOI i ST 1.tli. tt: 1. AflTMitnma rf in B. Mi '2. Ills It 4 War, (rr tlie a Bpnlr, lv J.tirf OT.irf.

ii. Old 1m.Wn P.rir. A Tslo pf ths l'lh Criv turr. It (i. II.

Ho4vt.il. 4. O.io Va.11s a Tale of thf Tiw of Nrro, truiv laud In.m ths Tollrh. FRANK KMKIiLF.Y'M FAMOI STOI1I1 lot 21; 'm igi; M. X.

fesrii Arnrvlr. or the of I.itt. 2. l-ark J-airlciS'i. llaiiy COTOi'dalc's O'lirtVup.

Torn llfcAT.TH COLDS IX TUB IlfcAIl AM r.HK-T. Urnnrna llar.y. by 11. Th h'jnt is x.ilf.nil and riear-y w.im. ttc iTltiM.ratffl, and (I.

a auUior. a we. Icvn.n r. nf j.rrrsicil pu't f. rth a method of of Yy ot but easy fnr lnrUe.ir.ir t.

jr orcans arwl irvT.a'n lner p.Acts of oit.ii Tills ireful lak la in no wrw a mere for ths author own Jod. Itullrt.m. 11 4 17. iftoartls, 1'aixr C-jrrr, 3ti; la. TUB TOVrTSTOSB or rKTAL AND TPHYIOAI, HKAIVIII.

A bonk corrihinins tn best iKini, ox new Shllcsophy snd phictl and lir.li.nf, si a II diara4T.s of enay exorcises ttf ataU tad strcaifLli; 4, pujtacs d. 4 B'XK FOR 21. 4 KlKiK iiH 2. I.tFE IX TUB AI'fTBAWAX WV-KA htPZ IX THB Al SlKAUAN ISA' Bls KS. A most lotcrsitins tnd tiifomutiT.

bonk, by roan who knows Australt inUfiatt'lv. wb.i knowa how to writs almut w.iat he Wnowa t.i- TT. t'i-at lt.n,' Hli, Bush: Itiiahman Bullork I'nti-lieni. A InMerutinn on Traveneri; iiiwn IDrortf; Pioneer late in Henib.ail: HuK Time; 'BurajiiniiTinB; mo nin l'ot snd liillyrwi; t'siryius' Wat. I'mtwi a ths witn niwoorcnis iuukomimi, ui 4en.

Half price, 2. ROl-anAHOUT and Other Stonl, Is of the Auatrmllao inishj 1', pasUe ii. TEfirxroAi The Het Stock au th, a'orM Serd for IiHt on Any -Open till U.ou Win TT0IW. WOOD TVOIlKrVfl VA-CBISW 1X11 MA KINO, Wemm. Urr Hand Book, by J.

Resides aud U. DreintT; ivvr.ic... 40. WHB aVXlD J-llKhr OAIYVB TAtn.r.. Jletll Ttleiilator tnd Kes.ly Kkoner.

for for and l.p use, in plat auj. mills and Iu T. hVil; 4b; BOU.KltS. OXOMLSKKS ANU their llcitiiig Power and l.nei:c). by H.

11. Smith: illntratrl 9 ttale. II. TtHB MtiLXltS.il' UPTIci.V.MiY. a "area uiie to th Kacis.

phrases and Te'trn l.fUtia to Foundry rtth Xotoa on Matenas. A riianea, C. by J. IF. llucliarjji; 4:1 "AUliix'S CAS EXOIXB a Pnc-rli-al Trt-atn to ti" Theory and Matusemrnt iaa, Slavk-a and Oil t'nlnes, eu i'iViAvK-eT Marino Motor, an.i Knirtrtn, IBiaatratert; ll': njMl'B MolKt(N aKWHt CAU.

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aMU BOl UMs Aaal Yl.St.Y sod Al'U-Alfai mesmire oi scenrscy in tne description given of the treficheroH met'imks ot nif.iralwed Gernrin spies operating on the east coast of England. A second edition of "How to Become Tf.ir.lv." by II. Bjelke Petersen, a booklet denlrng with the prevention of colds in the head and chest, comes opportunely at this sev.n. The argument of the author is that a liability to "catch eold' is due weakness in the respiratory orgnns. These organs, be states, cm be "hardened" by the reffiilar performance of simple (physical exercises.

ids srlviee js to avoid in daily lif as muny weakening frctors as possible, and to set apart few minutes every dnv when the body cm be introduced to conditions tending towards hardiness, and by brmzing gradually into nse the body's protective mechanism, thus inrreainc it streneth and mobility. What the weakening factors Inch we should svnid are, and bv whnt method wo may harden our respiratory organs and increase their power of resistance, is set out in clear language, and illustrated with helpful diagrams. LYNCHING IN ARIZONA. "Justifiable Homicide" by Coroner' Jury. Victim Direct Lyncher.

Frustrated in its dctcrminntion to remove Starr Haley, murderer of Ray Gibson and assailant of Mrs. Gibson, from the county gaol and hang him, a mob if neirly 100 men gave chase, says the New York "Times," to officers spiriting Daley to the penitentiary for safe keeping, and, after a sensational 40-mile drive over the desert, overhauled the officers, took Haley to the scene of his erimi, and hang him from an electric power pole early in the morning. An opportunity to pray waa given ta Diley before being swung from the rear seat of automobile. He could only murmur, "Oh, my God With bead bared fn the moonliiht, while Haley knelt, every man repeated ithe words of th. Lord's Prayer.

And then the perpetrator of the most sensational crime in the history of Arizona was swung into eternity. It was a determined party of citizens, largely men of business, identified with Arizona in the making, that started from Thornix five minutes after a car from the sheriff' officer dashed out of town in the effort to land Haley behind the doors of the penitentiary at Florence, 41 mil' awy. Automobile after automobile joined in the chase, which ended when the officers and their prisoner were overtaken not much more than a mile from their destination. Covering the deputies with guns, the party directed Haley to step from the car. Sti'l handcuffed, he was placed in another car and driven (fifteen miles to the Wolls, on the Robsevelt highway, the scene of hi crime of two night before, and there atrung up.

equally sensational as ine men r.rive oi the lynchers was that of Governor Thonras ri. Vampneii, wno, caned iroin nen at i o'clock in the morning and toid what v-ns happening, started with two aids, hoping to orrive in time to prevent the. execution of Haley, the executive. However, reacnea the scene only to find the body of Daley dangling from a jpole and none of the party present. Before navini the penalty.

Haley con fessed the murder of Gibson, and also to having killed at least two men, one in a bank robbery at Independence, and another in a bank rohhery in After he had comnleted his story he showed the mob leadera how he wanted the noose to be adjusted, and urged that he be hanged so Ins neck would breaK rather than to be strangled to death. Sheriff Hall, of Florence, learning of ths lynching, went to the scene with the coroner. A verdict of "justifiable homicide" by hanging by parties unknown was rendered by the coroner's jury. The body was buried near the spot where Daley died. Daley came upon James Ray Gibson, a travelling salesmen for Hitchcock ond Hill, Chicago, wholesale grocers, encamped with Mrs.

Gibson at the Wells. He ehot Gibson, and then attacksjd Mrs. Gibson. He promised her her lifn if she would accompany him as lii wife. To this she agreed, fin condition that the boily of her husbund be taken to un undertaker's, tin the way to Mesa something went wrong with the automobile carrying IXiley, Mrs.

Gibson and the body of Gibson. Haley started to walk to Mea. Mrs. Gibson gave the alarm, which resulted fh the arrest of Duley before he reached Mesa. AS OraCINAI, CHARACTER.

It Is curlou that true greatness way bo under our vrry eyes, and nisy be only by a fw. Notwithstanding that. Cole's B.Kik-ari-s.le is a common place on the lips of every Australian, even from Cat Leeuwin to York's Peninsula. Tae really wonderful story bow it was planted, watered, sunned, and grew until lis fame became a household word over half Ui world, is really little known. This remarkable man built his own monument in Cole's Book-arcnde.

just as ren" built his own monument in Saint Paul's. Everybody is anvhody has heani of E. W. Coif, "Kintf ole," as people call him, because his liooks are everywhere; and books will talk, lint who i Cole hat has he dune outside his Arcade He haa not gone into Parliament; he does not coruscate in sjieech from any of our platforms; he doys not dazzle us with politics or poetry. He hai not in.ented a new reliction or preached an old one; he haa not mads war or peace, or hchied or hindered Omisn aavasrery.

VVliat, then, his oLiim to distinction Vtat Is the substance of the book, 'Aorreciatlon," by Mr. Williams Well, truly there was a good story to tell, and Mr. Williams told it well enough to give any reader of it an avid taste for more. The story of President Gartield, "From Log Cabin to White House." told so well by Theyer, scarcely exMhit srenter canacaty than that of "tVom Paddy's Market Stall to Cole's llonk-arcade." Garfield needed couraire, insight, indomitable perseverance, fto did and really it is hard to say which of them used up most of it. There was a difference, of course; the one employed his eneriry on a theatre of national dimensions, oneralinx Imperial Uues; the other on a more limited arena broiurht to bear on iron resolve not let tenacious than a mastery of dt Uilu, which was tlte key to a quite phenomenal A man murht spend a week in Cole's and still leave uuerplored vat volumes of its organised intremrlty, snd he might say on leaving It, 'Ont that's Aasy mouprh, it runs itsalf." Quite trus.

So does the empyrean of the universe; they run quite smoothly, btit can we ever "bee countless worlds in faultless order roll and doubt the fliand that retrulaws the world snd can you wltners ten t'uourattd details fitting each hi place in a mighty em)oriuai discerning tlie existence somewnere of a prescient brain that has foreseen and provdded every cog wheel of the all but faultless niaohuiery 1 Tilers you have Cole W. Cole. Out thai is a very email part of him, and does not of itself entitle hliu to creatneu. Many a man with a geniut for onraniing haa built up a majrnisrent liuslnen almost out of nothing, hut this "Klrg Cole" of ours has dono so muvh mors than this. While carryuig along the multitudinous duties of his great business achievement, he lias devisstt and partly carried out a great literary scheme vbleh he has called "She Creum of his Thoughts Library." It would, if ever completed, according to ths editor's conception, embrace 10O volumes, each ot them dealing with special sublect, such as "Cart." "Love," "Truth." Home," "ysthsr," ''Mother and to on.

Vr. Cole, it wsaild appear, though thus immersed in literature, do, nut aim at being an aut'inr, eacept on a liiis.r scale. It is tiue he bas produced a good many essars. and one of them that on "llobbien" ir. ita panes bas a good, crisp, literary e.lrvsshm, but tlx bulk of it.

foihmiia lu's method in all hu booki. is indiirious ol best thoughts ol In. aiith.irt uf n.any toc.atries. The work of such a lil.rurv even if cameo cut to the xnt ol a hundred volumes, wculd be prodigious. It meant raiwackiug ths world's literature with a trvara ariurator.

it would ol the lnhtest gims uf human tliouhts presented as a gsUsy of lu.rary star beams, burh tchema it lii.i. oidy by tbs employment of to instituted number ol literary fmsickem and forta-eta but then, when Ibis work of mllertian has been aceompliJievl, and th, dsazling brilliant, lus been duly catalogued ol mwiig them literary telling worthy of tlair beamy ouUJ crsitsuu who had uJt iu onitmori-ui capacity for labor Bi, fourth year. His olmu, as tar aa I hey us paw. ar. cat Ire.

from Kor It it scarcely dnirabl to hats th. ta 0u Xiirht intsrUrded witU a nor. of brief biocrai.hies ol tk. iriuu authors Tint is so much eitr. aeous and i.iijrtineirt matter.

Tb.n. saaiu. sU such volumes, ia order to make them ui real value, should bs eopiisjaly imsraed so tUt any iwlar uuiy drop upon the prciM Lu. Saes be requires without ths labof of readimr lb whole volume, rut tbM blamUhes apart, one cannot but stand astounded at eoutemplaliug ooib iii past achievements a ad th. current subjects of tills prodigious klvr amongst books.

Mr. UillisJus claims fur Mr. Cok Hist h. i. aa tender ill his quest fur the food uf humanity as he is ksen and shrewd in bis besiuess inaiim-u.

Ot list tb, general public cau form uo judgment on tb, data Wnai it en iher from to is that there ia iu our tufdst "A green. Old I.U1I," Still hearty Slid Stfu.e, V.ho has oud, btueSMune lortuiie out of aud Ihj, whil, uiakiua- it by good ju.liueut an I irreitibU eusriiy. ba gul luore fvrtoual out ol his Looks thau sioiey ut luo'iev's worth. "Art long, vlia brevia et This book obtained at ths iHl'ADK, hl.llourne, vluv ami Aawlaja. i toiuui.

Anxious Months Ahead. GREAT BRITAIN'S POSITION. trnoM ot rn f-spon dent, i LONDON, lflth April. The free-traders who ned to illustrate the great triumphs of British free by pointing to the far that the nited King dom imported articles of food and drink to the value of over every minvite of the year have fonnd it advisable in these days of food shortage to pnt aside their old theories about the wisdom of importing food from abroad instead of growing it at borne. Before the war it was a free trade boast that the whole world ministered to the needs of the British people, that foreign eonntries vied with one another fot the profitable privilege of supplying the people of the t'nited Kingdom with neressi-ties and But the war has shown that British free trade, whth mined British agriculture, has been a nation! calamity.

The full effects of tho disastrous free-trade policy of the past on the food supplies of the United Kingdom will be felt by the British people during the next few months, for the food problem daily becoming more acute, and there is no hope of relief before August, when harvesting begins. It took a comparatively long time after the outbreak of war for the British public to realise that it waa necessary for them to economise in food. The shops seemed as full of supplies as ever they were. Trices were rising, but for those who had th money there waa no shortage of food of any kind. Even when the Food Controller began to issue regulations at the beginning of this year restricting the sumptuous meals at fashionable restaa-ranta and the large hotels the public felt no alarm.

But when the public fonnd that it was impossible to get sufficient sugar for Jjousehold nse they began to realise that something was wrong. At the present time not one household in a hundred can gel enongh s-ugar for its requirements. In Lundon housewives who come home with pound of sugar as the result of a morning's shopping are justly proud of their achievement. Than came the potato shortage. In the poorer quarters of London there were long queues outside the greengrocers' shops, wfiero the maximum amount eold to each etietomer was 2 lb.

There are now no potato queues. This is not because potatoes have become plentiful, but because there are none for the greengrocer to get. "Xo Pota'jora. Don't Ask for Any," ti the impatient placard displayed in many shops. Here and there a greengrocer is able occasionally to get a few buehels of jytatoes, and he sells them surreptitiously to his most valued customers.

These truns-actions are conducted witfh as much secrecy as tliotigh shopkeepers and customers were engaged in a treasonable conspiracy. The general public must not be allowed to know that there are any potatoes on the premises, as in that case the shopkeeper be worried for days by importunate people anxious to be able to proclaim to all their friends that they have had potatoes for dinner. For the pat four weeks the majority of EngUeh families have had no potatoes, and they are not likely to get any before the new crop becomes available in July. Naturally a great deal of grandmotherly advice is officially circulated in these days from the department of the Food Controller, reople are told that they should use substitutes for potatoes. The official advice extends to mentioning suitable sut- etitiites, euch as turnips, carrots, Jiarioot bsans, rice, macaroni and spaghetti; but none of these things are in euiUcicnt supply to meet the requirements of the nation.

People of means are implored by the Food Controller to eubsiat on luxuries and to leave the low-priced necessities' for the noor. The (poor cannot afford to pay 19 per lb. for new potatoes grown under cover in Jersey, or 20 per lb. for strawberries grown in English hot (houses. At these prices Jersey potatoes and English strawberries are evaijaible in email supplies at Covent (Garden.

But even if tllie supplies were large tbe middle classes could not afford to pay uah prioes. Artiaes of food have soared so high jn price that the middle classes Jiave to economise by competing with tfa poor. Bucter beans, which tlhe Food Controller has urged thie public to substitute for potatoes, iiave increased by 500 per cent since tihe wr, and are now eoCd at 1 per lb. Kdoe, tapioca, sago and such articles ihave more than doubled in price; imaironi and spaghetti are unprocurable even at enhanced prices. Half of the eubstitutes recommended by the Food Controljpr niie no longer procurable at the large departmental stores in London.

Even ait tfhe sniall suburban shops supplies of some general articles of food are unprocurable for days because new orders ihave not been delivered from the who'eeale houss. It is a common experience for a customer Do Ibn tof.d that she can have only half the mount cfhe asks for. Some of the big multip sSNins, wfhidh specialise in butter, cheese and baoon, wCI not supply more than a lb. of buntcr to a customer wften t'heir stocks are low and new eirpp.ies nave been delayed. Every day of the week there is a queue outside a provision shop near Liverpool-street a queue composed dhiofly of married clerks employed in itihe city Who have dutifuCly promised their domestic partner to bring laome some butter, and -thereby avoid disappointment at suburban dhop.

The wheat supply is causing more anxiety to tbe Food Controller and to the Government than any other aspect of the food question. Unless the consumption of bread can be reduced there wili be a serious shortage before the next harvest. In his official calculations the Food Controller makes allowance for the fact that food-laden ship will continue to arrive at British porta, and that a proportion of them will be sunk by enemy submarines. He state that it is essential that the consumption should be reduced by 1 lb. per bead per week below the consumption in the days of peace.

Such a reduction will enable the nation to carry on until the new barvest with a margin of safety. But be is reluctaut to introduce bread tickets aud compulsory rationing. The introduction of compulsory rationing would require an army of 30,000 officials, and it is certain beforehand, aa the result of experience in Germany, that it cannot be made to work satisfactorily. The consumption of bread is highest per 'head among the working ciakses, because it is their staple article of food. Therefor the ratiouing of bread would preas more severely on the working clause than on any other section of the community.

At the present time the publio are compelled to liv chiefly on meat and bread, bvoauea the upp.ie oi cheap substitutes ar very uliort. The winter, which should have departed last nionui, has nut yet released its grip on ugUud. It has Oeen La iongeat aud severe! waiter for inirty veur. L'ntvi the sunuii cuuiea. aud the sun dries tae sodden ground, uotluug can be growu in the own.

twru planted in the present stats of the ground would rot. la rupoins to Cii appeal of tk Food 'Controller ths local government authorities have ailaied thousands of saiail tilol of ground the diaonj of houtciiOAler for growing vegetables. ror week vast an ai my oi amateur gardeners have Leea at work digging their p'-ofs and preparing the soil for seed, but until tit long spell oi wet weather come to an end uuthiug can grown. Vegetable will mora plentiful in England thu year than tbey bav ever been, nut they will be nearly tig wela later than uul in maturing. Ther iU few huaie-gtown vegetables on English tilKs btlor the cad of July.

Therefore theirs is uo boo of diuiiuiuniug btead consumption dur.iig the uxt few luuuth by ti: Aud it i the next few mout-u I it ari.l be cr.tn-al with regard to the biead ujiply. li is wonder that th food outlook is causing tbe Uoverusaeut Ui ul.nost anxiety. A Republican Ideal. I FROM LOXDOS, loth April. The revolution in Bussia.

followed by the entry of the t'nited States into the war on the side of the Allien, hsa hnvieM. ne.irer. The thinr hive provided suothcr demontration of the fact that the fight sint is a fight of free drmorracie against Ksierim and military domination. And when tbe democracies triumph and KaWriom i defeated, there mtiet lie in more war. A war between fre peonies working out their own destinies.

inteid of being used as pawns in working out the personal ambitions of Kings their own aggrandisement, is impossible. Tt is intereting to study the elTeet on public opinion in (Ireat Britain, of the revolution in Ttuia, and the entry of the State into the war. There been a great deal nf rejoicing on each of these counts, but there has also been ome heart searching to determine where f3re.it Britain stands. If is recognised that the nltimite f.ite of Rr.Mi is to become a rcrnblie. This consummation will be derived nntil after the war inda, for the Constituent Assembly, which is to determine the form of government of th country, cannot deliberate in freedom nntil the Herman is crushed.

But virtunlly Russia in already a republic. Therefore three of Great Britain's ehi. Allies arc republican France, Russia, America. It lias long been the Just boast of the British people that tl ey are the freest people in the world. In these days of natirnal stress, the boast ia no longer justified, for the principles of freedom on which British democracy rested hve been surrendered under war conditions.

In a debate in the House of Commons a few day member after member declared thut Parliament had no voice in the conduct of tbe war. eV far from being con-eultr'd as to what sbould be done, it was not even informed of what bad been don. It was kept in ignorance of what is happening on land and sri, for fear the information should reach the enemy. The con duct of the war ia -in the hands of the War Cabinet, which is suppose! to be limited to five Ministers. Members of the Hone warned the Government that this war into which Great Britain had entered for the purpose of freeing the Prueaian people from the tyranny of the Truman constitution, which prevents them 'having any real voice in national affairs, was resulting in the people of Great Britain being enlaved in the way that the Prussians are.

Under war condition the elected representatives of the British people who sit in the House of Commons, have no control over the destinies of the country. The British constitution under war conditions bas become as repressive as that of Prussia. Added to this disquietening situation is the fact that under war conditions serious inroads have been made on the liberties of the British people which they won for themselves after years of struggle. For the most part the people have willinglv surrendered their liberties temporarily, because the war demanda this surrender, and because they feel confident that their liber-tie will be restored when peace is established. The trade unions patriotically threw I into the melting pot the privilege whioh years of bitter struggle had won for them, because it was itnpos-ible under trade union i rule to turn out munitions with the celeri-i ty required.

Conscription bas robbed the i Britisher of his right to a conscience, and I established a military dictatorship all over the country. Many men have been arrested in the streets, at work, or in their Homes, for failing to report themselves for military duty under the Military Service Act. Thousands of prosperous homes have been brought to the poverty line through the breadwinners being taken away to the army; thousands of prosperous businesses which men had built up for themselves after years of toil and struggle have been ruined. The Defence of the Realm Act, with ita far-reaching tentacles, has encroached in many directions on the liberties of the people. The press has surrendered its freedom and haa submitted to a rigid censorship which determines to what extent the truth must be bidden from the people in the internets of the war situation.

Private lettera are subject to postal censorship. The Englishman's home, which he formerly regarded as his castle, can be invaded by officials in search of food stores. The lesson which all these things emphasise is that war cannot be waged aide by aide with tbe free institutiona which were built up by the British people in times of peace. War makes its own atmosphere and impoevs conditions which are incompatible with personal freedom. But the spectacle of British people losing their liberties amid a war in which the Russians have gained theira bas caused uneasiness in some quarters in Great Britain.

There is a growing feeling that in this fight for freedom, Russia, not Great Britain, now leads the way. If the German people take to heart the lesson of the Russian revolution and sweep away Kaiserism, the war will come to an end, because the cause of the war will have vaniahed. But in that case the war for freedom will end with the attainment of complete freedom by the Russian and the Germans, and with the British people leas free than when the war began. The trend of public opinion in Great Britain is indicated in the following paragraph from the "Nation," one of the exponent of British Liberalism: "To What, under the candid rule of the Censor, bas our unreporting journalism come to I attended the great democratic meeting of sympathy with the Ruisian revolution at the Albert Hall. The papers dismiss it in a line or so of un veracious summary.

I have been present at soores of demonstrations; never at such a on a this The organiser tell me (hat they were asked for 25.000 tickets; they could only grant 10,000. A I came in hundreds were leaving disappointed. Inside the vast circle of th ball, rising in tier after tier to the topmost framework ff arches and pillars, waa one throng of beuda and face, save only for the great gangways on tbe Moor. And the audience It was nine- tenths British, made up, as far as my knowledge went, of Socialists, trade unionists, Radicals, 'advanced' thinker and workers, th flower of the 'Left' in our politics. It was not excited so much as passionately earnest and indignant that is to any, earnest alx.ut the Rum: an bkw for freedom, and indignantly resentful of our own Government's aauult on liberty.

'Yesterday wo were ashamed of Russia; to-day Russia may ashamed of us' was th prevailing and very sharply pointed comuicut Three great d'emonstratiou marl el this outpouring of miction. The fir.t wa. Miss Clar Butt's tinging of tho Rus-uan national bynin, to th word of th familiar prayer for peace in whi4i it is beard in Cbrivtian churcbe. Miss Butt sang alternate verse with the meeting, and tiie effect Was again on of profound feeling, dramatically but simply expressed. Th second mi th cdhiinilng of the po litical cause which th meeting lad at heart a democrat ie peace, a restoration of civil liberty, coupled with an amnesty for all prisoner of conscience, and th tabliaihnunt of republic.

Thirdly, the republican sentuueut wva unreMrved, and every expreiuu of it was cheered till the rang again. Truly wiud of tbe Fronde blows tUrough many old corners of nieu's winds. The (ioveiumeut has eo fit to prohibit the "Nation'" beiug seat abroad, but ha not gives aa explanation for the embargo. Tue Government took ibi action befur th iasiu ooutairring th above paragraph was circulated, ami thert-for it is obvious that (h Uuveruiueut a objection to th Its Perils and Consequences. Tf ivfrrsnc) not to (lie.

spsser. it 'illiom Pitt arM th history ff th it of Knularxl rliirinaT th 72 ysars of hansS ing star srith the) French rHrsrtrrrj nl Napoleon, f-ans will rna found for Tsrrtirfc lit the itninn fidelity- Kith which history rope-at itwlf. Thar, i hsr cane for rrm-fiflmt conriur a srwll as warning of th drsastrr which it nrnloniM wiir intlrct nrsin the most powerful of nation nnlrws it prortar hy Self riml to meet it trial. The French revolution sowcrl the eeedn of revolt widely thronhont the British ialr. The ysars 1703 ni 17M mn the English poor reduced to starvation.

Revolutionary noeietie attacker! the whole social ffnietion. The atasprnsion of the Habeas Corpus Act, and the resolution with which the Government brutally stamped out the dinordar, created prolific discontent and ISittern, Taxation mounted to height previously undreamt of. The national debt rote in three year by fSO.nno.OOO- sum modest enough now, but then eon-eidered atagiering. The population of England numbered 11,000.000, and the sovereign was worth several times what it fa now. France declared war in February, 1793, and England, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia and Ppain were leagued In iriM aKainst her.

Tbe navy hell the eaa, knt the army was sma'l and without military experience, eehil its leadera were utterly incapable. "We have general," wrote laird Grenville, "but soma old woman in a red riband." England" wna compelled to finance Bear'y all her Allies, yet one by on they dropped away from her. Meantima 1bc alarm of a French invasion of Ireland brought about a suspension of specie pay-Jncnta by the bank. There was retssllion in Ireland, and a mutiny in tlie fleet waa jnit down with difficulty. Spain "that wretched ikingdom," aa Titt called it not only broke away from her English alliance, but joined her fleet to that of France to sweep the Pritieh navy from the sea.

The peace of Luneville in 1H)1 left England without friend on the European continent and France without an enemy. In 1800 there waa a bread famine, and neutral countries like Denmark and Sweden took side against England because of tbe severity with which British ship searched neutral vessels for contraband. The glorv one records of Xelaon, Howe and the Pritiah sailor during these ycare are familiar. The peace of Amiens in 1801 left England in a sorry condition internally, but with a (rreatly exalted national prestige. The story of the resumption of the war with Napoleon in Slay, 1803, is admirably and briefly told by Green.

England again had her Allies on the continent, but it waa rot long before he waa in hostility to America. Xot only did the British Government exercise ita right to search American vessels, but it eeserted a right of seizing English eeamen found in American vessels "British" sailor who sometimes turned out to be Americana. At tbia time, iowerer, English trade and manufacture advanced enormously. English exports doubled in three years, and a comparative few made vast fortunes. Wheat roue to enormoua priors.

Despite stha increase of national wealth, poverty and crime increased ait even a greater ratio, and the poor rate rose fO per cent. Napoleon' nmazing succewh against the Allies on the Continent resulted in the creatkm of a turbulent peace party, that demandad peace conferences and the best terms that could be arranged with the conqueror. Only the British fleet stood between Napoleon and world dominion, and early in the campaign he was confident that bis plans were equal to landing a. trium-1 phant army even in England. "Twelve millions of people," he said, "murit give way to forty millions." A camp of 100,000 men was formed at Boulogne, and a host of flat-bottomed boats gathered for their conveyance across the Channel.

A skilfully combined plan by which the British fleet would have been divided, while the whole French navy was concentrated in the Chan reel waa delayed by the death of the admiral appointed to execute it. The Spanish fleet was to have linked up with that of Franco for the grand assault, end the crushing of the combined navies by Nelson alt Trafalgar made the English invasion an impossibility. There were dark days in tie British Isles during lithe Napoleonic wars days of revolt, mutiny, bread riots and hopeless apprehension. Throughout these years a common topic was the marvels of French "national organisation." Titt referred to it as early as 1793, in replying to a peace amendment by Wilberforce. "What." he asked, "are the resources of France! They exist by means as extraordinary as the events 4he have brought alhout.

Their pecuniary ex-pensea are beyond anything ever known, nnd, supported by requisition of person, life and property, they depend entirely upon terror. Everything that weakens rhat system weakens their means, and as the adoption of moderation saps it on one tide, so the perseverance attack eann.t but pull it down in another. Take every part of it, one by one, view their expenditure, and then see whether terror in not the instrument by which they have roljcd their extraordinary supplies and obtained all t'heir unexampled successes. Thee is a French law which compels every man to take at par that which is worth only one-sixth of the sum for which it is taken; a law for the maximum price of nil commodities; a law by which no person is permitted to renounce bis occupation under the penalty of twenty years' imprisonment. But you will tell me that this proves bow unlimited the powers and resources of the French are.

My reply is tuiat such a system could neither be undertaken nor succeed but by means which could not last." Tbe heart of the British nation remained true despite the hordes of pacifists and rebels, and the war suffering was borne through to ultimate triumph. Yet when the year 1815 saw the close of the war there were bitter trials still ahead. As a remit of the great war spending and ita confiscation of wealth and manhood, ths Britwh people faced a generation fraught with want, misery and disaffection. Tbs national debt had attained the then availing tun of Taxation pressed with 'heavy weight on all who toiled. The rapid developmeut of English industry bad for a time run ahead of tue world's demand.

Tbe markets at home and abroad, says Green, were glutted with unsalable gaods, and mill and factories ward brought to a standstill. Scarcity waa caused by series of bad harvests, and the suffering was intensified by the dUbanding of ths immense forces employed by sea and land. There were great changes in ths wool aoewl organisation as ths result of twenty yan of warfare, and tbe machinery which iid been introduced to production for war needs threw thousands temporarily out of employment when it was applied to the needs of peace. The turbulent internal hiatory of Great Britain up to aud beyond the Chartist riots of the thirties may be traced back in Urge part to ths Napoleonic wan. cannot escape bitter experiences a serious in their conaequenoee after this war.

It can attain partial security only by heeding the lesson of the ast and preparing for the 'hard times ahead by introducing simplicity in public and private life and sweeping away all the drones, political aud official, who consume the taxes. Tbe hep for the future of Australia centres in productive work. The city of Baltimore ha. taken a for-wrd step in civilisation Ui cruutiug a new police tfthcer an anti nuiwa policviuan. Tue dunes of thia agent of quiet and repose as to every uuuecaaery hum.

120 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Teaches ths amcicacr of 1 'ears' Soap for betUta ami beauty Advt Kisr-aa fmirt Memolro, 1C14-M, ny Kusdan; from tinlrn. II TK1 IVrta Tknulrf, fri frwat pmt fn th rwrntin and euro of wtntar tmifhsi vnd hrrwrctoia. If hvm HTt aTrmtlf ntmi wnnrB mir a Hvr. IwvHi NOW. It mil ft DhMt Mlhl BHMUn at fttmotiuM tO CSQ at fmir rthrvnlett'a on yrw way fvwn fvdar.

An Mm for ft Tnttlo of RrM. To nrf ft no mif irlnf aTrvit It. VmrA I mmt t'faAnt to the twltt. arvi irnw wiff wt4 ytvrraf-Jf ftrxl moi wtainty ymif ftiti-lrrri iB Ua tt Tory nrnch aftar a 6cm or tm. Bibiwi, hon tmr thr tat thl are always ftAktof for nor.

rwrwnniond TTnW. Thn drmo ffjr fmm pMt, nrrrat ha Uw Uncrtt at) of and iirar oti anulatoBt In 9Utx IrTmtiTi la lwtf thu. im Voar-trVJrsu tho f.Urmkur sttlmoriiaVi wVt ahnw th BTP.U spfflaae? of HjH in n-wgiui ami oaM of cffkildrm. (Oratoftf. lettnj frrtm aditst of rvrth fT(fl tart nrmrfd from tima to time ta orAumna.) "ChtAm'n TTimo, WUpnH, R.A Tearmri, The HTIOT BMHillON whi tppiii ha proved mnot HTlfftriotai ff cmi! iTTvmt our boyv One hny hftri a omnfti which ni omiirh mJxtitTK aermrd to fttnere, but iaMi- at-ly Mt the nf Uying TIYPOl Wo ahatl aJwftys krep avtne of tbe raVTble ratoratiTe on truly, '(mimed) W.

BfRTOX, "Hon. Secretary, ChUirwi'a Borne, WilierrUle." '8U NViw-etreet, fKntm Vale, "Peer Bin, JMy arm hen tern aiilTorlntT frnm ft emero orUd for aoTn time, whlnh kft hie chtwt tttt anrs. The HTPOL haa nVm him great deal of rrod, an4 bo la rum much efjunft. "I nonln, your reapratfuUr, "(Wsined) JB. eidm" nrpoL ia sold inxRTWiniBa.

rrloa, afl For Bottle PUBLICATIONS. A Melh. (nrnasihent'a), with Street A BP. Vi JUaL(l nil IUilwar Vr nf nr. Itwaallietit'a Uliaay Map, "CO MiIoj Rouni Mr Ihourne," for tourist, week endcrf.

A nf iSTMrlAl Mr. Rr.tir l0itt .7 suhl7 n1 AUeUide, Uie irtriiui Ttnirn; 2fl each, jxmt 28. 4 iTtKOAnnrNrS Mane and ftiidw. l7m n. ru fMu euuiit to O.

Bnmatjeat. 01 riitvhfth Mclb. LFICKiJ OFFER and OPrORTTNlTy. All nho wouJ.1 lik. tn un.1rtirMi ivhat thev vk for Llr-V "Tfi -nw -i.

1.1 k-irn hv tlie Jcwa aro irturaug to l'iirtin, by FliFU IXSTRITTTOV on "THE KINXiDOM OF moo." Htf 3 4-5; Matt. 2, Mar. 14, jr; Cuke 1. 13, Acta 1, tl, IX, lJi-au. BOOK; "jBsra crniisT a.t him "FAIR ISLE," 71 ltivirrtntt, SOUTH YARHA.

V.MHIAIHsS. a O. ilourkc-at. "Thut lMral I'M." "Turn llitn Out." "Area, Belle." and 3 in i-amuj l-rct (XiR, pontal 11. 4 NMCADICS.

"Ilif War Shin almodfwn, (Kipling). O'llnirr. lie Istff ftuat," iiu Hells. Ac, ia AMuety Popular ltci- NPRADFS, 21 Bourktvist. Bifkarj.n ktmt ll.tr ri ihicu iua.

VMRATK'S li to niJt fMrrertlr. irmjjijir. Huvtr ti Ao--jiiiw a. nl rter KM. 4 il Bonrke-st.

Vest 1'm-kct Wr it tcr'rt In tioii.in'. oidt, includinrz syno (i afu, wl c-. ItaUier bmug, Ciuinb iju- n- H. wlcil jt. VNDltADt'S.

Ih1attn' Manital, oompirte a'ru-Dn-niri, Ixah afllruiative, nttrative; ti' nn Cnn.niA of Cub), iMutin; buciitna; 4 MUlAl'E'r-. 201 Boiwke-et. Freemaaonary Light the 13, postfld 1-4. 4 NimAPty.4. Hoylc'a Hand B-vit of OamoJ, in- 1.

cl.tsiunf liri'ige, Htf9t, BrliJiza. I-i, Jlmi'Irtvl, Lmi.sjh.u, uiv, Duaiiaoua; 10, IKAllttl iO. VNOKAOK'S. Pixvchn and Tiaata for All indudn.rf VKl.lingH. parkUt to VMAnB'S Oiiiwy Fortme TllinT Ce.rrl.

iu-ecri. turn on euiii Ca.nl, tUiuaz tt, jrtent. iTti.irn. v. ii a ain.nuoii.1 if, jyasuvi a.

21 Bonrkei. Ouinpet Ianring Al.vtrr and I'sill how to tlauce, tali- VXluRADK'S. Book uf 1JR Cimtr Card oi-ot of wiuth, earn lc irfiraul by amatouri 4 XDRADE'H. Letter Wiir, for and ftn- Jx. lettt-i of iTitriM.tiWion, ixrrrouilaUia, VNOHAOK'S.

French Language: How to Learn Eaaily; pronunelation of vx'tr woij; a t.tem; 1 ft, pi)fitTl 17. 4 iXIiRAl'K'S. W.ndr Tu'krt Wriiiii, lrtutlcal lttNtDtr; 1 ti. pKgttiX lX. 2-l It.rtiike-ft.

VNlKAlK'S. Profitable Poultry Keeulug. nu Uiutlt that fie bt-ot remiits; uiflakaa to avoid 13 10. p.itfU 18. A N'rtlLAlrK'4.

Jiu aod other tnethtsrla of eif liieactf, dt.Tibiji and iliuairUiig Uia tlAluneid an; io, VNlRArK'n. Hw to Vamp: ftiude the Ao-CLiiuoaulment of Songs hy tbe fiia lulled Miiai iuu. vuU Jxauuiilea; ll.JUl Buurke-at. NlRAIE'S. Lawn Twnnla.

new method for at-jiuniig gixxl atyle ot play, witk verciAea, limarraieu; io, yimuni io. 4 lhat Aarope Can Do; tfuiLHsu a ajinattfiira en burtila aud 1e. SURAOK'). Kcrrt'ta and F-rirtmu; Manual ivu Brerding, Maiuaiug and urkiug for Pin OI llift aa. v.js sywm 4 NDHAPt The (irvvluxirMl: Breeding.

Reur- A. lug, cwiruMait wruuu by uiTM eipvru, luuisUaiuu, io jsuxoa in. VNDRAUK'H, Jtoi m-tirte-at. Hvm to Buy I Uirite, a vl Hvt to Manage Hjiu whn tkHtght, mu.ttiir illuiiftiiii; iyi, poatwl 17- SlRAlhi'a. Ta.biret il tkuig for AtuaUure; lu.ur is ttnuLiiiot braUlvut.

atideLsaaril. LiL.fft. p.cd ttVlO. a vi iP aik s. iioiiae uw.i ration.

ranerhAj)nne. CoIjt Min Floor FiiiiaUtiig; ftatTK-ai Aiiuttis a uUsVie; piaani -jxn VM'UAIME'S a'auuntr, Vanii-Juiig. aud ail oUmr of Uii-iuug Wo'id HUitf.iul; 1tL i wtcsl 1 7. MUtAl'E C)t, l-racuoal lliuJ-buwk iu CsUo and mauimtot liuw to iiuU VMU.s.l't. ttul Manual, ail adouL uw.ut mm, lu olin') Wk4ais iUt i uan tvU jted 0.

jtu ie VMR-MHv'i. Uchuuoa' jUnaUKk, yo pig(, lou uuia iKikuUie ui clMuiteora aud car aieta, pueu4 VAli'tVliK B.triout-iT"tVwies. 4 iatf.m'ty, tuoikkiii iitvUiuilusi iiwt'sia, uynaajs-a. ni) MUtCtV. UaiUsai, 1 tf ptstAl IO.

VU Bi.s.ukU. ll-'i Biuka-a. Eicry Man tu l'r ajt.tw, s4ti i to tee 'ilkai. lJliAht-ri. M4ala uf Ail Ktaulia, tU.

j-aI Jim i ia. J.U'a. Cs, ui. iid. 1 1.

i iaturp. Ht, id liruiiss. 01; (nutU' w4 Homug lt; iLe ptd. 1, 1. 4 M'lt lAa'-i'S.

VinLHj uf bj- j' htvrr Mv4i'sakUu. aiuulo lume usvtuMAf of uu; 5', 4- VMKll'k: i I FooLp'a 'illil 11 uj Oyvhtv ptU. UM I'MH Wlr, 400 OulitfOil lUe, etsgrartv; 1UU, IfVvd VNliHAlts-'iv KuoiaWlge fur Vong Hiwiauul, ft Kvr a VttxuMi 3 tt; For a uAg W' Usu, 8 tl, Kun'ini ft 4, A M'KAl'b rt. 1 Ba-urksf-et. f.

a 'd; uxi a i ue tngLa VNlitJLiK't 'Aiat- tcrv Mutrw btiould htit Kv: (bUdteu uu the W-tivr trf 1 tt, ujui Itt. VNUItAUUS, W.y Girl ii.uM KaoV; t.vaft vttli ii- ruu'i rotf enuisg Imc l.tiy; 1 tt. pue l. ii'! ilomkii. VMHtAl'L B4 uf Xa'iuv lu Ug Gui-w.

ly lf. misU-MfH. fiw; ur pjUi toitiuu. -U t-Ulge, Ul Hiik I uHumiit Ia lbv Tu PiLrru. uf Vntai, aSSAI tlu out au LolU.istru tSAS.

SU'I lb. Visa In bowkf li struM cnal l'siuj st Ui Ubiuu. VL sensible people inat iinu una voiei as they do. A election sis conducted at present, attention is far too uucii focusged ou the caudidate, who appears laiaier inucii iu th role ot king, and the voters as th pa as, to uunsiatent akli electiou ot liotu of Legislature by a fiee aud eu-lighteued peupk'. we are general jevkoned to be Jtc, V.

HY. WATSON, Hon. Secretary l'r poi(ioua) Representation Leagu of Victoria. UtU una..